Lacquer or varnish.



OFFICE.

JOHN P. IHA-RT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LACQUER OR VARNlSH.

Specification of Letters rat-out.

Patented Feb. 6,1906.

Application filed September 22, 1905- Sorial No. 279,637.

1''!) In whom, it ma/r1 concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN P. IHART, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Lamlrluers or varnishes and Their Production, of w ich the following is a snccifieation.

My invention relates to the production of lacquersor varnishes; and the object of my invention has been to discover a use for the oils produced from the so-called water-gas tar, or, as it should be more properly called, "oil-gas tar, a waste product in the manufacture of oil-gas or illuminatinggas enriched with oil-gas.

The lacquers or varnishes now in general use are obtained b dissolving various gums or resins in asuitab esolvent adapted to each, and their manufacture, while requiring great skill and care, involves a very slow recess and requires elaborate heating and oiling arrangements.

In producing to new lacquers or varnishes I distil the oil-gas tar in the ordina T way and collect those oils or distillates whiiih pass over below 200 centi ad or just a little before the naphthalene l a egi s to pass. I then take the distillate and separated by redistillation into the various fractions, the lighter distillates furnishing the limpid and quicker-drying lac uers or varnishes and the heavier distillates rnishing the viscous and slowerdrying lac uers or varnishes. I then add to these disti lates, according to whichever one is desired, from one to three per cent. of the chloride of tin, bismuth, antimony, or aluminium,,or admixtures of these chlorids. The mixture of oil and metallic ohlorid or chloride is then stirred or agitated by any suitable. means until the reaction is complete. When the oil and ohlorid are [ii-st mixed and stirred, the mixture becomes heated. As more chlorid is added the mixture becomes hotter and becomes black in color. After an interval, during which its highest temperature is reached, the mixture cools gradually, showing the completion of the reaction. I cannot explain the nature of this reaction chemically; but the result will be apparent to the operator. This will take place in from one-half an hour to two hours, according to the temperature .to which the treated oil rises. The treatment will become comdistillates, as they become very ot, due to the chemical reaction taking place more vigorously, while the reaction is slower with the heavier oils or distillates, which do not heat up so readily and require more time therefore for the reaction to become complete. In the case of the heavier oils the reaction can be hastened by the application of a gentle heat. The lacquers or varnishes thus formed when the JIGHOUOII with the metallic chlorids is complete are then filtered and are read for use, forming clear liquids varying in co ore from redin the lighter distillates to bright yellow in the heavier distillates and d g so as to leave a film in from five to teen minutes for the lighter distillates and in from one-half an hour to two hours in the-case of the heavier distillates. The chloride of tin and bismuth not very slowly. The chloride of antimony, especially antimonious chlorid, act verywe l; but they are easily decomposed by water, which may be present in the oil. Aluminium chlorid, especially the anhydrous chlorid, acts very vigorously, and as it is cheap I prefer to use It. The residuum from the redistillation of the composite distill'ates from the oil as tar usually contains naphthalene, which is deposited when the oil is cooled. I can use this oil also (after separating out the nalphthalene) by the same treatment with the c lorid or chloride; but it makes a lacquer or varnish which is much darker and dries more slowly. So, also, I can use the drip or condensation from the purified oil-gas or illuminatingfias enriched with oil-gas found in the 1101 are of gasworks or in the street-mains instead of oihgas tar and by the same treatment with the metallic chloride named produce my new lacquers or varnishes.

It will of course be understood that instead of distilling the distillate coming over below 200 centlgrade I can use the entire distillate and mix therewith the chloride of the metals named with agitation and produce a varnish therefrom.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. The new lacquer or varnish consistin of a distillate from oil-gas tar passing over elow 200 centi rade in admixture with one of the group of c lorids consisting of ehlorid of pleted'sooner in the case of the li liter oils or I tin, chlorid of bismuth, chlorid of antimony, sisting of chlorid of tin, chlorid of bismuth, and chlorid of aluminium, substantially as chlorid. of antimony, and chlorid of aluminidescribed. um, substantially as described.

2. The new lacquer or varnish consistin 0f 4. The new lac uer 0r varnish consisting of 1 5 5 a distillate of oil gas tar assing over be 0w a. fraction of the istillate 0f oil-gas tar pass- 200 Centigrade admixed with aluminium ing over below 200 in admixture with aluchlorid, substantially as described. mlnium ehlorid, substantiall as described. 3. The new lacquer or varnish consisting of J 0H1 P. IHART. a fraction of the distillate from oil-gas tar Witnesses:

to passing over below 200 centigrade in admix- Or'ro J. CHRIs'r,

ture with one of the group of chlorids con- JOHN JAY CULLEN. 

